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CD14 C -260 TCD14 binds bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and, in conjunction with LPS-binding protein (LBP), facilitates the binding of LPS to Toll-like receptors which mediate LPS signalling in monocytes and other LPS-responsive cells. Thus, CD14 is a critical element in the induction of bacteria-mediated inflammation, infection and sepsis. Recently, the C-260T promoter polymorphism in the CD14 gene (also termed C-159T in some references) was reported. It causes enhanced surface expression of CD14 on monocytes, higher blood levels of soluble CD14 and Immunoglobulin E (1) and is associated with myocardial infarction both in Japanese and Caucasians (2,3). Recently, the T allele of CD14 C-260T has also been claimed to be a risk factor for alkoholic liver disease (4), where gut-derived bacterial endotoxins are thought to be important co-factors (link to see also TLR4).References 1. Baldini M, Lohman IC, Halonen M, Erickson RP, Holt PG, Martinez FD. A Polymorphism* in the 5' flanking region of the CD14 gene is associated with circulating soluble CD14 levels and with total serum immunoglobulin E. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1999 May;20(5):976-83 2. Shimada K, Watanabe Y, Mokuno H, Iwama Y, Daida H, Yamaguchi H. Common polymorphism in the promoter of the CD14 monocyte receptor gene is associated with acute myocardial infarction in Japanese men. Am J Cardiol 2000 Sep 15;86(6):682-4, A8 3. Hubacek JA, Rothe G, Pit'ha J, Skodova Z, Stanek V, Poledne R, Schmitz G. C(-260)-->T polymorphism in the promoter of the CD14 monocyte receptor gene as a risk factor for myocardial infarction. Circulation 1999 Jun 29;99(25):3218-20 <Abstract/Full Text> 4. Jarvelainen HA et al. Promoter polymorphism of the CD14 endotoxin receptor gene as a risk factor for alcoholic liver disease. Hepatology 2001; 33(5):1148-53 (PMID: 11343243) |